Skills required by a project manager Essay Example for Free

Abilities required by a venture director Essay The venture supervisor is ordinarily given the position and the sole obligation of guaranteeing that the heading with which a particular undertaking is followed. He works totally under the rule and the objective of the assigned venture or the entire association. One of the significant obligations is to guarantee that the end things of the venture are met for example when, by whom, what, costs, assets, discipline and so on inside the firm. (Link and Adams, 1989) Despite the fact that the undertaking supervisor as a rule reports to the head supervisor of the organization, the person in question has the authority of characterizing the hierarchical structure and guarantees that there is viable administration of the considerable number of parts in the creation units. Since the venture administrator controls the adequacy of the undertakings being attempted, as a rule, the person can appoint and screen the spending plans inside their ward. The venture director likewise conveys all issues concerning the organization to the head supervisor or the president for explanation on any issue that is pending. The venture administrator likewise speaks with the clients straightforwardly particularly when managing formal activities. So as to accordingly play out the above assignments, a venture supervisor ought to have the option to have great aptitudes and capabilities. One of the aptitudes that is essential is the capacity to impart viably both with the administration and the clients in this way requiring great relational abilities. The task administrator ought to likewise have the option to compose issues and screen their usage particularly by junior officials. (Adams, 1990) In situations when the undertaking director is required to select an associate task supervisor, the venture administrator must have the option to be reasonable and treat others similarly paying little mind to their age, sexual orientation, race or incapacity. Since venture supervisor can design and execute a task effectively, the person in question must have the option to have a wide mix of aptitudes both picked up in a scholastic viewpoint and in a test see point. The character of the individual ought to likewise be completely powerful in that the undertaking chief must have the option to have critical thinking capacities. The factor of being persevering, legit and committed can't likewise be ignored. With such characteristics, the task supervisor will accordingly have the option to pose infiltrating inquiries, resolve relational clashes and distinguish undefined suppositions. An undertaking administrator is relied upon to have high level of relationship equipped towards achievement of assignments accessible. The person is relied upon to stand separated from the lesser workers by righteousness of position held and help those under them in explanation of issues identifying with the occupations and furthermore pushing for employees’ rights where there is partiality. (Adams, 1990) The general obligations regarding the undertaking director would be; chance investigation, time assessing, quality control, advantage acknowledgment, asset arranging, and client contact. Overseeing dangers and issues, arranging and characterizing extent of the undertaking, documentation, action sequencing, group authority, spending improvement, creating plans, strategic impacting and making diagrams and calendars (Cable and Adams, 1989) Elevated level posting Since the organization needs to have a venture chief from the creation division, coming up next are the necessities for this position. The individual ought to have at any rate ten years involvement with the situation of undertaking the board in a bustling assembling organization. The individual in question must be an extraordinary cooperative person who is prepared to work with others in the organization. The individual ought to likewise have a demonstrated reputation of difficult work particularly with the help of applicable scholarly foundation. Reference Adams, J. (1990):â Roles and Responsibilities of the Project Manager, Project Management Institute Link, D., and Adams, J. (1989): Organizing for Project Management, Upper Darby, PA: Project Management Institute, Dinsmore Paul C., (1990):â Human Factors in Project Management.â New York: AMACOM,

The Quiet Achiever Essays - Finch, , Term Papers

The Quiet Achiever Max sat in class looking at Clare Jones. He looked as she hung over to her companion Julie and passed her a note. Her little school shirt and shorter-than-typical skirt characterized her shapely body. Julie saw Max watching her companion. She chuckled and motioned to Clare to look behind her. Clare turned and glanced back at Max. Max was gotten out. His elbow slipped on the work area and unstuck his little tin pencil box. It collided with the floor making a boisterous commotion. The whole class turned and chuckled at Max. He felt the warmth of a dark red redden as a surge of prickles ran up his back from shame. He looked back at Clare and Julie who were all the while seeing him, chuckling. A peaceful rage flooded inside him. He despised it when individuals giggled at him. It was more awful when Clare did however. She appeared to realize he loved her. Embarrassed, Max drooped in his seat. He brought down his look to his work area. Definitely no more derision would eventuate in the event that he disappear for the remainder of the exercise. ?Max Faulkner!' yelled the Legal Studies educator, Mr Finch. ?Would you quit staring off into space and concentrate! I don't care for your mentality youngster. I'm attempting to advise the class about the Queensland court framework and everything you can do is gaze at your work area? It would be ideal if you focus. I'm certain if your disposition doesn't improve you'll study the courts direct!' Max could hear stifled giggling around the study hall. Different understudies were mindful so as not to intensify Mr Finch's disturbance. ?Sorry siiUGHr.' The class howled uncontrollably when Max's voice vacillated. He had been staying silent over the most recent couple of weeks since he realized that he was unable to confide in his evolving voice. The class attempted to recapture poise. Max sank back in his seat and looked straight ahead at the white board. Finch laughed to himself apparently satisfied at the mortification he caused Max. As the class settled down a bit, Mr Finch separated a heap of papers from his attaché. ?I've denoted your mid term investigate expositions on the ?Constitutional Rights of Australians? also, I was commonly satisfied with the exertion. Some of you, in any case, have let your own assessments disrupt the general flow and have been discounted in that regard. On the off chance that you are discontent with your imprints come and let me know. I'll check whether I can enable you to comprehend where you turned out badly.' Max realized he'd remembered his very own portion sentiments for his paper. He trusted that it wouldn't be excessively self-evident. He recollected how Finch didn't care for it when individuals did things another way. Definitely he should get a sensible imprint. He put a ton of work into this article. He required better stamps in Legal Studies so he had put forth a valiant effort to present an awesome paper. He just trusted Finch would perceive his exertion and imprint it as needs be. Finch strolled around disseminating the papers among the class. Max viewed the declaration of the understudies as they found what mark Finch had given them. Most gave some level of frustration. Finch gave Clare her paper. She promptly went to Julie to reveal to her that she got an ?A'. Finch hurled Max's paper before him. ?One more unsound bit of work from you Max. I wish you had a superior mentality towards this subject.' Max become flushed. Again he felt a surge of prickles run up his back. A portion of the understudies took a gander at him with smiles on their countenances. Others had increasingly thoughtful looks. Max read his imprint. He felt queasy when he learned Finch had given him a ?D' for his paper. He gulped hard, figuring out how to contain his failure, sadness and outrage. The chime rang for the finish of class. There was no opportunity to see Finch about his imprint. He knew there was no reason for seeing him in any case as it was impossible the imprint would be modified. Max despised Finch for all the embarrassment and dissatisfaction he caused him. He trusted tomorrow would be better. The next day Mr Finch was not there to take Legal Studies. The school Principal, Mr Sampson, took the class. He tended to the class. ?Mr

7 Basic Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Methodologies Which One is Best

7 Basic Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Methodologies Which One is Best After tons of meetings, follow up emails and numerous phone calls, you finally got the contract signed.Congratulations!Out of all the bidders, you are the one who proved capable of delivering the best software solution. You share this information with your team and its time to celebrate.Settling down, you start discussing the project. Leaving nothing to chance, you select only the best of your staff to form the project team. You schedule the kickoff meeting with the client. You list the topics of discussion and youre ready for take off.But are you really ready? Have you considered everything you need to check on before you start the project?You may be surprised to find out that there is one very important thing which many project managers dont give due attention to.It comes at the beginning of the project and needs careful focusDo you know what it is?It is the process of choosing the right Software Development Life Cycle methodology.You have already engaged the client and so are awar e of the kind of system or software product he expects you to develop.As a result, you have a mental picture of the whole process to be followed by your team.This is a good thing because you have to see the end of the project before embarking on it.All the same, to make the right choice of an SDLC methodology, you need to slow down a bit.You obviously know there are several to choose from and have a favorite one you normally use. But don’t just run with it because it works well. You need to find out whether it is the best for your current project. This way, you will avoid facing unnecessary challenges in the course of the project.For example, you may end up feeling cornered when some stages of the SDLC model you chose start overlapping.If this was not part of the plan, then it can open the door for some real problems.Or you may be asked by the client to include a few ‘small’ features into the software. This may happen when the process is past the stage which could accommodate that.As much as situations are rarely perfect, you should avoid getting into one like these.The last thing you want from your client is being asked questions like, “How come you cannot do that?” or “Didn’t you promise to deliver?” Since you started on a good note, endeavor to finish on one too.We will look at the various SDLC methodology types and see their strengths and weaknesses. We will also provide you with a helpful guideline to determine when best to use each one of them.But before getting into that, let’s first go through the basic processes of a software development life cycle.WHAT IS SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) ANYWAY?This is the process which a software system being developed goes through.The system itself is intended to be the solution to a problem. As is the case with most solutions, implementation takes place through a process.For example, when a company wants to expand its warehousing capacity, they have the option of either buying, renting or b uilding a warehouse.Whichever option they pick, they’ll have to go through a process of planning, surveying and final acquisition. Some of the things to be considered will be warehouse size, distance from the current warehouse and offices, number of new staff required etc.It is the same thing with software development. The Software Development Life Cycle is the process which guides you through the project from start to finish.Generally, there are stages involved in all the different methodologies. These stages are the steps of developing and implementing the solution. They are:PlanningThis is the phase where you do a feasibility study to ascertain the need for a new system.You will examine the Problems customers face and then look for possible solutions. An estimation of the resources needed for the new solution will also be necessary. These will usually be in the form of time, costs, personnel and any other factor to be considered.You will then develop a project plan and present it to the management. It is only after getting the approval that you proceed to the next phase.AnalysisIn this phase, you define the specific problems which the client has. Your team then suggests some solutions and settles on the best. All requirements should be clear to help you understand the client’s needs.The goal at this stage is to gather information. Various methods may be used including one-on-one interviews, group interviews or questionnaires. Observing people as they work is also a great way of collecting information. This will give you valuable information which may never be given verbally.The management should verify the requirements given by the end users to ensure they are within the project scope.DesignIn this phase, you describe the functions and features of the proposed solution in detail.You will use process diagrams, screen layouts and other tools to paint a picture of the solution.The design will also show how the processes will flow.As part of the details, yo u can also use entity relationship diagrams and pseudo-code.This is to ensure system engineers and developers understand what they are to create.DevelopmentThis is the phase where the system or software product gets created.In most cases, you would divide the work into units and have teams working on them.Alternatively, you can assign the units to individual experts according to their skill level. Database developers would handle the database needs, network engineers work on the network requirements while system programmers produce the actual system code.Testing is part of the development work and the test data is generated for this purpose.A major challenge in this phase is checking the code for semantic errors. These are the hardest to detect yet can cause great problems if they go unnoticed. For this reason, the test data should have known results for comparison against test results.The finished system should work as per the design specifications.DeploymentOnce the system has bee n developed and fully tested, it is implemented for the users to work with.Depending on the situation, some implementations may require parallel running.You will therefore have to keep both the old and new systems running for some time. Training the end users happens in this stage. Project ownership is also transferred to the client.This phase also enables you to get user feedback.MaintenanceAs the client continues using the new system, there will often arise the need to make changes and improvements.With new requirements, there will be need for additional functionality. Fine tuning the system can also be done for performance purposes. Performing scheduled upgrades can cover security gaps and any other need that arises.These phases are sometimes broken down further depending on the project type.For example, you may want to break the development phase into development and testing. You will then carry out the two activities separately.Deployment can at times have maintenance as part o f it in cases where there are rapid changes to the system requirements. This will however keep the project running for longer.THE 7 BASIC SDLC METHODOLOGIES YOU SHOULD KNOW OFHaving looked at the phases in the process of system development, we will now get into the different methodologies. After that, you will learn how to pick the best for your project.WaterfallThe waterfall is the classic SDLC methodology which has been used for many years.Being linear and sequential, it emphasizes on the need for a logical progression of the phases involved.One phase must be carried out to completion then it’s output used as the input for the next. Source: softwaretestinghelp.comA short discussion on what happens at all stages will be in order.Requirement AnalysisThis is the first stage at which the requirements of the new system are collected and analyzed.There should be enough details so that nothing is missed. As an information gathering stage, it is critical that the end users be engaged properly.Various ways should be used to ensure every possible need is captured. This is because once a certain stage is complete, you cannot go back to make changes.Ample time should be set for this stage.System DesignThis stage is all about coming up with the design specification of the system to be created.The system architecture is created and other aspects selected. Examples of these are the programming language and database to be used. This is done in accordance to the requirements in the first Phase.The design specification describes how the requirements of the system will be technically fulfilled. Data flow diagrams and other proces s diagrams are used to show the interactions between the parts of the system.ImplementationThis is the stage of actual system development. The different parts of the system are assigned to individuals or teams to deal with them. Database developers work on the database while system programmers handle the coding work.Network engineers can also be included for the networking part of the system. Some systems need particular networking capabilities which may call for specific network development.System TestingIn this phase, the developed system is tested to ensure it solves the problems raised in the requirements stage. Any bugs discovered are fixed to ensure the system works correctly.Bugs discovered mean that the system has to go back to the implementation stage for coding. If they are major, then this is given priority.System DeploymentAfter a rigorous testing phase, you install the system for the users to use. You will train the users and provide them with the necessary user guides. This is also where you hand the system over to the client. You will then reach an agreement on the maintenance and upgrade needs.System MaintenanceMaintenance is the final stage where you will perform system upgrades as well as bug fixes. New requirements which come up as a result of business growth will also be handled at this stage.AdvantagesProvides an opportunity to have clarity on the project’s progress. This is because the stages do not overlap. The project can only be in one stage at a particular time. Setting timelines for each stage can also be done.Since each stage has very specific deliverables, this model makes it easy to manage the project.With its rigidity, the system developers and the client adhere to strict discipline for the project. Focusing on the stages becomes a necessity.Adaptable to a changing team due to the extensive documentation done at every stage. The project is rarely dependent on one person. When someone joins the team, they can simply go through t he documentation and be able to catch up.DisadvantagesIt is very difficult to estimate the time and cost of each stage of the process.Does not allow for changes to be made once the process is in the testing stage. Only minimal fixes can be done.Not suitable for complex projects where requirements keep changing or cannot be known at the beginning.The extensive documentation happening at every stage takes a lot of time.It is almost impossible to include valuable client feedback once development starts.The system is only ready after all the processes are over.Major problems can occur at later stages when changes are needed.V-SHAPEDSimilar to the waterfall method, the V-Shaped model is linear and sequential though different.The difference is in the associated tests for every development stage. These are the tests which will be run after the coding phase to confirm that the requirements at each stage are met.It is also called the verification and validation model because every phase has a validation test attached to it. The left side of the ‘V’ has the verification phases while the right side has the validation phases. At the bottom is the coding phase.Below is an illustration of the model. Source: crackmba.comThe verification phases are used to check that all requirements have been factored into the system. The validation phases on the other hand confirm that the requirements have been met by the developed system.The stages involved in verification are:Requirements AnalysisThe functional and non-functional requirements are received from the users.These get documented in detail as per the communication from the customer. All the customer’s requirements should be understood.From these requirements, the user acceptance test is planned.Functional SpecificationThis phase is where the system design is planned for. Hardware, software and network requirements are considered before the actual design is agreed upon.The testing team comes up with a system test plan for running later after development.High Level DesignThis is where the architecture of the system is designed.Several technical approaches to the solution are suggested and discussed before reaching an agreement.A b lueprint of the system layout is made. This is what will be used for the next phase. The integration test plan is made at this point.Detailed Design / Program SpecificationAlso known as the module design phase, this stage has the system designed in detail.Care has to be taken when designing the modules for compatibility purposes.There should be compatibility among the system modules and with external systems. The unit or module test plan is made at this phase.The coding phaseThis is at the bottom of the ‘V’ and all the system designs are implemented at this stage. The best programming language is chosen and used to develop the system in accordance to the previously-defined designs. General coding standards are also adhered to.The validation phases then begin and follow the below order from the bottom up:Unit TestingAs the first level of testing and at the lowest level, the actual code is checked for bugs.The developed system is broken down into smaller units/modules. These are t hen analyzed to ensure they perform as expected. The unit test that was designed during the program specification phase is used in this stage.Integration TestingAfter the units have passed their tests, they are joined and their functionality is tested as a larger unit. Internal communication between the modules is checked as well as integration between the modules and external systems.This is the test which was designed during the high level design or architectural phase.System TestingThis test is done to check whether the system meets all the functional requirements outlined during the functional specification phase. Incompatibility with external systems will mostly be uncovered at this stage.At this point, the test is done on a complete system ready for deployment.User Acceptance TestingThis is the test prepared at the beginning of the system’s life cycle.Since it is based on the user requirements, it is run on the user environment. The user is to confirm that the system meets a ll his needs. There may be specific incompatibilities discovered at this stage.The cause may be the other systems running in the user environment. The development team may come up with solutions or suggested workarounds which are acceptable to the customer.Here is a video showing how the V-Shaped model is used mainly for it’s testing capabilities. AdvantagesEnables the team to detect errors early in the processThe close working of the development and testing teams helps increase the project’s successEasy to manage the process due to its rigidityIts strict flow ensures discipline in the whole process thus offering greater chances of successDisadvantagesInability to adapt to new requirements which may come up in the course of the projectNot the best for long-term projectsTends to focus on the business requirements more than the system development aspects. This may cause the complexities of system development to be overlooked.Does not avail a working system until late into the proj ectPROTOTYPINGThis model is mainly focused on providing an approximation of the final system at the initial stages.It is widely used when fixed requirements are not available. A prototype is built to show how the final product will look and work. With the prototype, there is no full functionality provided.The prototype is then subjected to tests by the customer to check if all the requirements are met.If not, more information is gathered. With the additional information, the prototype is updated and availed to the customer for further testing. It is only after the customer gives an approval that the production starts.The below illustration shows the stages of this SDLC model. Source: testingexcellence.comAdvantagesPrototypes make it easy for customers to give feedback as they get a feel of how the system will lookThe prototypes give the developing team an experience of the final product thus improving chances of successful development and implementationThe prototypes help to clarify user requirements which could otherwise have remained ambiguousUser involvement makes it better placed to cover all needs. It also increases chances of system acceptanceErrors are detected and fixed earlyDisadvantagesScope of the project may expand beyond what was initially expected or planned forIt can be very time consumingIf not monitored, too much effort may go into building the prototypes instead of building the actual systemUsers may confuse between the prototype and the final productFocus on the prototype may create a distraction from the complete projectSPIRALThis model uses a sequential approach while working like a prototype.This way, it delivers a system that is no t complete but is under constant review. The biggest differentiating aspect though is that it is focused on risk analysis. It is best suited for projects where risk management is critical.Below is an illustration of the spiral model. Source: airbrake.ioThe development team starts with a few requirements and goes through the whole process for those particular requirements. The stages are:Planning PhaseThis stage is for requirements gathering, feasibility studies and cost estimation.Risk AnalysisAnalysis of the requirements is done to identify potential risks. A risk mitigation strategy is then created to guide the development process.EngineeringThis is the stage of actual development of the software. Testing is also done and the system is deployed at the user environment.EvaluationThe customer reviews the software and gives feedback. Risk monitoring is also done at this stage. The risk mitigation strategy is confirmed to have worked well for the project.AdvantagesSuitable for large projects which are of a critical natureDrastically reduces the risks associated with developing big systemsSoftware is available at an early stage of the processGuarantees customer feedback in the development processNew functionality c an be added at later stagesDisadvantagesRequires expertise in risk analysis and mitigationUnsuitable for smaller projectsMight turn to be very costly due to required expertise and continuous cyclesThe below video shows how this works; ITERATIVEThe iterative model begins development by building only a part of the software.Full specifications of requirements are usually not known. The small part of the system developed is reviewed to identify further requirements.Every successful iteration produces a software build upon which more features are implemented. This continues until the final system is achieved.The below illustration shows this model’s phases: Source: airbrake.ioLet’s go through the phases for an understanding of how this model works.Planning and RequirementsThis is the phase of collecting user requirements and expectations.Analysis and DesignAn analysis of the requirements is done and the system is designed. Suggested solutions are discussed then one is picked. A technical representation of this solution is done.ImplementationThe actual development happens by translating the system design into code.TestingThe developed system is tested for any bugs. If found, they are fixed before deployment in the user environment.EvaluationThe system build is reviewed to check if it meets the specified requirements. This is also the stage where further requirements, if any, are collected.After this point, the current build is taken back to the planning phase together with the received feedback. The whole process (iteration) begins again. This cycle continues until the system is complete.AdvantageQuick software turnaround enables the c ustomer to give feedback from interacting with itSuitable for projects with changing requirements or those not clear from the onsetSince the software is built in the early stages of the system development, it is easy to detect and fix problemsOpen to valuable customer feedbackDisadvantagesThere might be design issues cropping up in the future since not all requirements were taken into account initially.New features being implemented may make the users request for more. The project may thus take longer than expectedContinuous and necessary customer involvement may be a burden to the clientNot suitable for small projectsINCREMENTALThis model focuses on building the whole system in small portions.It works quite similarly to the iterative model but the difference is that this approach starts with the full knowledge of requirements.This determines the number of smaller portions of the system to be built. When these portions are finished, they are delivered to the customer as complete mod ules.It uses the classical waterfall approach only that it does not build the whole system at once. Commonly confused and at times wrongly taken to be similar to the iterative model, it stands out because of two aspects:All requirements are known at the beginning of the project whereas with iterative, only a few are known. More are discovered as the user interacts with the delivered software build. It is important to understand that a software build is not a complete system but a developed part of the system which is undergoing testing.In the incremental model, the modules delivered are complete standalone parts of the whole project which offer extra functionality. With iterative, the new builds are simply working to adapt to new requirements.Here is an illustration of this model. Source: BBC BitesizeAdvantagesThe core part of the system is delivered early as the others followThe overall workload is reducedPrevents the effects of introducing a new system all at onceEach release adds extra functionalityReduces the chances of new requirements being introducedDisadvantagesRequires very good planning and designingNeeds a complete understanding of the system to be built before design beginsMight turn out to be more costly than envisionedNot suitable for small projectsRectifying a problem in one module may require corrections in other modulesAGILEThis method is used to counter the limitations of those which cannot cater for a fast-changing environment.Projects which use the agile approach always have their requirements changing quickly.This approach is based on the iterative and incremental processes. It guarantees customer satisfaction through quick deliverable parts of the whole systems. The cycles through which the system is delivered are called sprints.Technica lly speaking, the agile model is more of a framework or guideline than a distinct model. Various individual ‘sub-models’ exist to implement this approach. They include extreme programming (XP), Kanban and Scrum.The agile approach focuses on delivering a working software while ensuring customer collaboration.Interaction among team members and a quick response to changes is also vital. Here is an illustration of a typical agile software development model. Source: www.lucidchart.comAdvantagesQuickly delivers working software for the customer’s useFaster turnaround timesPromotes customer feedbackEasily adapts to changes in requirementsIssues are detected and fixed quicklyDisadvantagesDocumentation is usually lacking or not having enough detailsOverlapping phases make it difficult to measure project progressDifficult to estimate the project cost at the beginningThere is no enough time for the designing of the system architectureThe many cycles can distract the team from the overall goal of the projectTHE BEST METHODOLOGY TO USESo, which of the above 7 SDLC methodologies is best?To help answer this question, you will start by asking some other questions.These questions will help you understand the situation. Below is a list of some to start you off. You can add to them if need be.How big/complex is the project?How much expertise does your team have?What is the financial strength of the client?How much time is the client willing to give the project?What technologies are you going to use?Are all the requirements known and are they fixed?The answers to these questions will paint a picture of the situation. The situation will further determine the model to use.Let’s now look at a list of situations best suited for specific software development models.When to choose the waterfall modelWhen the requirements are clearly known and not prone to changeThe project is small and short-termWhen the project is to follow a strict procedureWhen strong documentation is requiredWhen you have enough resources and expertiseWhen to choose the v-shaped modelWhen the requirements are known and fixedThe technology to be used is well known by the teamThe project is shortWhen technical resources and expertise are availableWhen thorough testing is neededWhen to choose the prototyping modelWhen constant customer interaction is importantWhen there is need for a great user interfaceWhen building complex systemsWhen the requirements are not we ll knownWhen there is no great urgency in delivering the final systemWhen to choose the spiral modelWhen risk evaluation and avoidance is importantWhen requirements are not clearWhen the project is big and complexWhen changes are expectedWhen the technology to be used is not well knownWhen to choose the iterative modelWhen the project is bigWhen the requirements are not clear and prone to changesWhen there is need for proper documentationWhen the technology to be used may not be well knownWhen to choose the incremental modelWhen the project is bigWhen the requirements are clear and not subject to changeWhen there is need for proper documentationWhen to choose the agile modelThere is need for quick feedbackRequirements are not fully known or understoodWhen you have a passionate team or a mentor who will keep the team focused and motivatedWhen there is no strong requirement for proper documentationCONCLUSIONSoftware development is a process that requires proper collaboration between t he developer and client. This is what will ensure the project is successful.Whichever model you choose, you should be comfortable with it. If working with a team, the members should also be able to work with it.Developing teams may face fatigue when working on projects which require a fast turnaround or long working hours. It’s therefore important that the time to be used for daily and overall work be well planned for.With this knowledge, now it’s easy to make a decision for all your software development projects.Have you faced any challenges in this area? Share with us in the comments.

America Needs Gun Control Essay - 1149 Words

For years proposals for gun control and the ownership of firearms have been among the most controversial issues in modern American politics. The public debate over guns in the United States is often seen as having two side. Some people passionately assert that the Second Amendment protects an individuals right to own guns while others assert that the Second Amendment does no more than protect the right of states to maintain militias. There are many people who insist that the Constitution is a living document and that circumstances have changed in regard to an individual’s right to bear arms that the Second Amendment upholds. The Constitution is not a document of total clarity and the Second Amendment is perhaps one of the worst drafted†¦show more content†¦Hysterical gun owners oppose any gun control and often think that the government wants to take away their rights to own firearms. When will they learn that most sane people want gun control not gun prohibition. Gu ns are a part of America’s way of life and that is a fact that many people agree on. There is another fact that all American should agree on also, guns need to be controlled with good, fair, and balanced regulations. There is a way to respect the rights of hunters, sportsmen, and legitimate gun owners. There are powerful arguments on both sides of the equation. It is not a question of whether guns should be banned, but it is a question of finding a balanced with some government regulations to ensure that guns do not get into the wrong hands of felons, criminals, and the mentally ill. Why not banned assault weapons? These guns are designed for one thing only and that is to kill human beings. Why not close loopholes that allow buyers at gun shows to evade mandatory background checks? Although background checks are required by federally licensed firearms dealers in the United States when selling guns to their customers, sales between private individualsShow MoreRelatedThe Need For Gun Control in America Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesweapon, with high capacity magazines, in the hands of a mentally or emotionally unstable individual, is a recipe for disaster that could cause great harm and death to the innocent. Although Americans have a constitutional right to bear arms, there need to be precautions in place to insure the safety of the people. The recipe for disaster mentioned earlier occurred seven times in 2012. The one with the most impact occurred on December 14th. It was a cold morning at Sandy Hook Elementary in NewtownRead MoreAmerica Needs More Gun Control1881 Words   |  8 Pagesmoney.† She pulled out her gun from her back pocket and shot him in the toe. She didn’t kill him, but she prevented herself from getting killed. That gun saved her life and my life. You never know when something bad might happen. It could come out at any time, any day, anywhere. If my aunt hadn’t been allowed to carry that gun, we both might not be alive today. Even though some people believe America needs more gun control, this country needs less gun control because people need a way to protect themselvesRead MoreAmerica Needs Gun Control Laws Essay903 Words   |  4 Pages Guns have been the weapon of choice for some of the most brutal massacres on America soil. Since early history guns have been used mainly for militia and defense purposes. But, the development of new gun technology has made firearms more accessible and deadly. Although the second amendment gives the right to bear arms, guns should be controlled and monitored by the government because guns have contributed to a lot of killings in America and will increase crime rates. Gun control can be definedRead MoreAmerica Needs More Gun Control Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pages is enough. (Gibbs, 1993) Many Americans believe that gun control should be improved and the regulations made more stringent. However, the National Rifle Association (NRA) has a most formidable lobby, and lobbing campaign, which up until this time, has presented past Presidents from initiation gun control laws. There appears to be an almost grass roots movement to stifle efforts which attempt to establish more effective gun control laws. To a large extent, it is our Constitution which givesRead MoreEssay on America Needs Gun Education, Not Gun Control Laws1735 Words   |  7 Pages Gun crime in America has become a big issue. We are barraged by news outlets with story after story showing the wide use of guns in horrific and tragic crimes. These crimes all too often end in single if not multiple deaths. Politicians and law makers are constantly trying to find ways to reduce these crimes and keep the public safe. 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Some politicians are passionate about gun control and make voting decisions based upon on this issue alone; hence, the people we elect into office directly affect our lives. A few republican politicians have a strong

Feasibility of the Extract from Sibukaw (Caesalpinia...

FEASIBILITY OF THE EXTRACT FROM SIBUKAW (Caesalpinia sappan) WOOD AS TEXTILE DYE PRESENTED IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT (SCIENCE CURRICULUM) ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL ILIGAN CITY SUBMITTED TO: MRS. ANNALLEE Q. ARON RESEARCH TEACHER SUBMITTED BY: Ibrahim, Mahalia Taskeen R. Cabugatan, Fahad M. Lomansoc, Jake G. Miano, Ryan I. Surmion, Paul Jeffrey S. ABSTRACT Dyes known to the ancients came from plants such as indigo and madder or from the shells of mollusks; today most dyes are made from coal tar and petrochemicals. The chemical structure of dyes is relatively easy to modify, so many new colours and types of dyes have been synthesized. Natural dyes are used as an alternative†¦show more content†¦Today, nearly all dyes are made from compounds obtain from petroleum or coal, this dyes are called synthetic dyes- as opposed to natural dyes obtained from plants, animals, and mineral sources which were exclusively used in the past. The Researchers will try to produce natural dye using Sibukaw Wood to promote the usage of natural dyes and to lessen the production of synthetic dyes, which are very expensive. Statement of the Problem Can the extract of the sibukaw wood be an effective textile dye? Sub-Problems 1. Can the extract from the sibukaw wood be used to color the clopman cloth? 2. Is there a difference in the intensity of the color the extract gives to the clopman cloth using a mordant and without mordant? 3. Will the intensity of the color of the dye with a mordant changed after the: a. Sunlight test b. Washing test c. Bleaching

Alexandra Kollontai †Biography Free Essays

Biographical information: Name – Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai Born – March 31st 1872 in St. Petersburg Died – March 9th 1952 in Moscow Occupation – Russian communist revolutionary, Soviet Ambassador to Norway Family background: Kollontai was born to a relatively wealthy family. Her father, General Mikhail Alekseevich Domontovich, served as a Calvary officer in the Russo-Turkish war and was an advisor to the Russian administration in Bulgaria. We will write a custom essay sample on Alexandra Kollontai – Biography or any similar topic only for you Order Now Kollontai’s mother, Alexandra Androvna Masalina-Mravinskaia, was a daughter of a Finnish peasant who made a fortune selling wood. Kollontai’s parent’s long and difficult struggle to be together would colour her views on relationships, sex and marriage. Kollontai was extremely close with her father, both sharing an interest in history and politics. Education: Kollontai’s mother and her nanny were demanding, â€Å"There was order in everything, there was order in everything: to tidy up toys myself, to lay my underwear on a little chair at night, to wash neatly, to study my lessons on time, to treat the servants with respect†. Alexandra was considered a good student, mastering a range of languages. She spoke French with her mothers and sisters, English to her Nanny, Finnish with the peasants at a family estate, and she was a student of German. Alexandra wanted to continue her education at university but her mother said that there was no real need for women to have higher education. Political membership: At the time of the split in the Russian Social Democrat Labour Party in 1903, into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks, Kollontai did not side with either. Kollontai then first joined the Mensheviks but then in 1915 finally joined the Bolsheviks. After the Bolshevik revolution in 1917, Kollontai became the People’s Commissar for Social Welfare. Kollontai founded the Zhenotdel or â€Å"Women’s Department† in 1919. This organisation worked to improve the condition of women’s lives in the Soviet Union, fighting illiteracy and educating women about the new marriage laws put in place by the revolution. Revolutionary activities: Kollontai’s first activities were timid and modest, helping out a few hours a week with her sister at a library that supported Sunday classes in basic literacy for urban workers, sneaking a few socialist ideas into the lesson sideways. At this library, Kollontai met Elena Stasova, an activist in the budding Marxist movement in St. Petersburg. Stasova began using Kollontai as a courier, transporting parcels of illegal writings to unknown individuals. In 1898 Kollontai left to study Economics in Zurich, Switzerland. She then paid a visit to England, where she met members of the British Labour party. She returned to Russia in 1899, at which time she met Vladimir Lenin. She became a member of the Russian Social Democrat Labour Party in 1899. Kollontai went in exile, to Germany in 1908 after publishing â€Å"Finland and Socialism†, which called on the Finnish people to rise up against oppression within the Russian empire. How to cite Alexandra Kollontai – Biography, Papers

The Road Not Taken and The Path of Life Essay Example For Students

The Road Not Taken and The Path of Life Essay Two roads diverged in a wood, and I / I took the one less traveled by, / And that has made all the difference. Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken is a lyrical poem about the decisions that one must make in life. When a man approaches a fork in the road on which he is traveling, he must choose which path to take. The choice that he makes, as with any choices made in life, affects him in a way that has made all the difference . Thematically, the poem argues that no matter how small a decision is, that decision will affect a persons life forever. We will write a custom essay on The Road Not Taken and The Path of Life specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Road Not Taken is told as a first-person narrative. The narrator is looking back on the decisions that have affected him. The decision that is illustrated in the poem occurred at a much earlier point in the narrators life. It would be possible for a reader to be drawn into the poem to such a degree that the reader would become the narrator. Everyone has made decisions, and since it is the purpose of this poem to discuss and address those decisions, it would be easy to look beyond the narrator and see oneself. The word choice used in the poem very effectively portrays the speaker. The language used is very simple, almost as if the narrator is not speaking, but thinking, for the language of thoughts tends to be simple without using words that require a dictionary to define. The simple, almost quiet and seducing tone acts to draw the reader into the poem allowing the reader to become the narrator. Throughout the poem, Frost uses images that could be interpreted as either quite simple and very specific or incredibly involved and extremely general. For example, by interpreting images such as Two roads in a yellow wood, the undergrowth, as well as the rest of the poem very specifically, one would see a simple story: A young man was walking down a road until he came to a point where the road forked. The man had to decide which path to take, one that was very worn, or one less traveled by. He decided to take the less traveled path and keep the first for another day. Looking back on this situation, the narrator feels his decision has changed his life forever. On the other hand, Frost could be using the images presented in the poem in a very involved and general way. The paths and the fork may no longer refer to their definitions, but instead as keywords in a description of life. Through the poem, Frost is defining life as a series of decisions. Some of these decisions may, at the time, be thought of as insignificant, while others could be thought of as very significant. Frost argues that a decisions significance at the time is not really important, for any choice will change ones life. Every day, people, including the narrator of the poem, are presented with Two roads that diverge in a yellow wood. These roads are not concrete or physical, but rather represent choices. The fact that one road is grassy and wanted wear while the other was commonly traversed shows the reader that some choices require one to choose something that is not commonly sought or to do something that is not commonly done. The total of these decisions leads people, like the reader, down a new path: a path which the narrator himself created. The narrator comes to the realization that every decision affects him when he says: Two roads diverged in a wood, and I I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference. .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .postImageUrl , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:hover , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:visited , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:active { border:0!important; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:active , .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197 .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4db98a7c42b1af9a4944206555671197:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advertisement Essay IntroductionThe narrator also comes to the realization that once a choice is made, it is almost impossible to change that choice: Oh, I kept the first for another day! / Yet knowing how way leads on to way, / I doubted if I should ever come back. The structure also reinforces the theme of Frosts poem. The poem is written in four stanzas with five lines per stanza. This form gives the poem a very balanced form. The poem conforms to a .